training

Maximum vs. "Usable" Strength

I am still collecting data on the relation of Beastmaker training numbers (like these here, here, and here) to climbing performance. What would really help was if someone would join me in the study so we could have two data sets. Anyone? Before we get started here is a new addition to the Robot Training Facility.
From Robot Training Facility

Reading this thread on the Gymnastic Bodies forum got me thinking how this applies to training for climbing. The main point of the thread is that maximum strength has little use if you cannot apply it. For this discussion lets distill climbing strength down to finger strength and upper body pulling strength. Obviously there are a lot more subtle things going on, but lets ignore them for now. I train maximum finger strength with my fingerboard, and pulling strength with one arm pull ups(either weighted, unweighted, or with assistance). As I see it there are two methods for refining this maximum strength into something usable.

Campus Boarding: The campus board is the most basic method for refining maximum strength. While campusing one's muscles have to react quickly and with coordination. Both of these are missing in a fingerboard workout.

Bouldering: The subtle way muscles work together is not captured when pulling straight down on a campus board, but Bouldering does not develop quickness as much as campus boarding. A complete training plan contains at least fingerboarding, campus boarding, and bouldering.

Now I'll present a few examples from my own climbing history, keeping my level at the time in mind. I've tried to keep the spray at a minimum on the blog but its hard to give these examples without mentioning grades and such, I apologize.

Example 1(Winter 2005/2006-Spring 2006): This was the beginning of my serious training(I was climbing around V6/7, and 5.12b/c). For November and December I trained with the complete trinity(fingerboard, campus board, bouldering). That January I spent in Hueco and climbed several V7s easily, a handfull of V8s, and one V9. Shortly thereafter I injured a finger. I trained myself back to what I thought was a high level only using the fingerboard and took a spring break trip to the Red. On this trip I barely climbed 12a and got shut down on 12c's. Upon returning I added bouldering and campusing to the equation and quickly climbed 13a for the first time. There was not enough time between the red and this to add any strength, but the strength gains needed to be refined.

Example 2(Late summer/fall 2007):At this point I had climbed V9 and 13b consistently. My training in the summer of 2007 consisted of fingerboarding and campusing without bouldering. When I started climbing again in september it took a few days to get back in the swing of things(due to the zero bouldering). After this, I quickly dispatched V10/11 for the first time. Later that fall I nearly climbed 13d(I didn't from a beta mistake not a lack of strength).

Example 3(Winter 2009/2010): At this point I had climbed V11 and 14a. After a good Rumney season working on China Beach I spent around 6 weeks training for a bouldering trip to Arkansas. The training focus was one arm pull-ups, fingerboarding, and a small amount of bouldering. In the trip to Arkansas I was able to climb many problems in the V8/V9 range very quickly. I was only able to climb one very soft V10. This was a slight disappointment. Every problem I climbed I was able to do so with control, but I didn't have the "pop" to climb the next level problems.

I'll leave you with a video from last weekend.

Summer 2010 Goals and Schedule

I'm on a rest day in the Red River Gorge right now, staying here.  I've decided to take it easy for our two week trip to give my body some down time and hopefully finish healing my finger.  This is slightly frustrating but not too bad seeing as the conditions are not great.
I'm working on a post on periodization but until it's ready I thought I'd share my training plans and goals for the summer.


1. Active rest(May 1 - May 22): I would have rather done this some other time but my finger conspired against me.  The first of these weeks I played around with some of the exercises which will become my goals for the summer.  The second two are spent climbing at the red.  The intention is to climb 2 or more number grades below my hardest redpoint.


2.  Rock Climbing and Cross Training(May 22 - June 24):  I should emphasize during this portion I plan to climb on actual rocks.  I consider this to be not as effective for training versus climbing on plastic, but the idea is to ease my finger into functionality.  Assuming the weather cooperates this gives me 10 days at Rumney to do some climbs I have been ignoring and four days bouldering.  Here is the schedule


Monday: rest(maybe easy bike ride or run) 
Tuesday: Rumney
Wednesday: Rumney
Thursday:  AM:  Fingerboard(maximum repeaters), one arm pull up pyramids, strength.
                        PM:  Metcon
FridayAM: 8x500m rowing intervals
           PM: 4x1/2 mile run.
Saturday: Bouldering, weighted one arm pull up pyramid.
Sunday:  AM: Fingerboard(maximum hangs), one arm pull ups on holds, strength.
             PM: 2000m row and 1 mile run. Metcon.

All of the finger board work will be open handed(not even 1/2 crimp) focusing on one arm hangs on bigger holds.  

3.  Adaptation to Serious Training(June 25-July 5) This is a transition from training for my non-climbing goals to a more serious training for climbing.  I'll test my current level by doing a couple of finger board sets as listed here, and revisit the campus board and my bouldering wall. 

4.  Training(July 6 - August 10) This is the hottest part of the year and thus best for focusing on training and not actual climbing.  I plan to follow this approximate schedule:

             PM:  Campus board power endurance.
Tuesday: AM: Metcon
              PM: Timed climbing intervals.
                    PM:  Campus board maximum efforts, bouldering.
                PM: Metcon 
Friday:  rest or easy bike ride/run.
Saturday:  Rumney
Sunday:  Rumney

5.  Rifle, CO(August 11-August 27)  Earlier this year 6 weeks the above training program gave me the fitness to send China Beach so if everything goes well I should have pretty good fitness for this trip.  

Goals:

Here is a list of my non-climbing related goals for the summer.  





Rowing: 2000m: under 7:00(best so far 7:24)
            1000m: under 3:20(best so far 3:29)
             500m: under 1:30(best so far 1:37)


Running:  mile: under 6:00
             800m: under 2:30
             400m: under 1:00

Strength:  iron cross
               front lever pull up(I can do this straddled now)
               one arm standing ab wheel
               one arm pull up +20lbs(I've done one +10lbs).

Types of Training

By far the best book on climbing training I have "read" is Planificacion del Entrenamiento en Escalada Deportiva by David Macia.  I say "read" because I don't speak Spanish but I was able to sift through the book pretty well.  Macia has trained some very successful climbers such as Ramon Julian, Yuji Hirayama, and Edu Marin.  Throughout the book the word resistance is used for power endurance and he has a good way of organizing the different facets of physical training for climbing.

1.  Short Power:  This is 1-4 move power.  Best trained with short boulder problems, the campus board, and single hangs.

2.  Long Power:  This is 5-12 move power.  Best trained with longer boulder problems, short bouldery sport routes, the campus board, and maximum repeaters.

3.  Short Resistance:  This is 12-30 move power endurance.  Best trained with boulder problem intervals, short sustained sport routes, campus board power endurance, and repeaters.

4. Long Resistance:  This is 30-60 move power endurance.  Best trained with timed intervals on a climbing wall, longer sport routes, and super repeaters.

5.  Endurance:   This is 60+ move endurance.  This type of endurance is not that useful because rarely are there climbs with more than 60 hard moves in a row.  The biggest reason to train this type of endurance is learning how to rest on a jug.  Once you know how to rest, "Long Resistance" will get you between the jugs.  I have trained this in the past with intervals of 8 minutes of continuous climbing separated by 1/2 mile runs.  This type of training is probably good once every week or two if you climb long routes, any more and you will throw out any power you've ever had.

Carryover


There will be carryover from one category to another, but this is probably different for each person.  My experience is reflected in the following graph(the numbers don't really mean anything other than scaling):
So if you read the chart you see training endurance gives you a "-50" in power and "+25" in long resistance and etc.  In my experience training endurance helps your long term power endurance a little but hurts everything else.  This analysis is most applicable to systematic training and falls apart in the case of someone climbing for skill acquisition.

For the early spring Rumney seasonI have had good success training short power, long power, and short resistance and letting carryover take care of the rest.  For my upcoming trip to the Red I've been training everything except endurance with less focus on short power than normal.

Training with an injury

It is often said that our fingers are not made to withstand the forces put on them during hard climbing.  I seem to collect pulley strains at a decreasing rate of one per year or so.  Early on this was from crimping all the time.  Now I have rules for myself of when I can crimp, but the forces of the universe conspire against me.  This time it started while trying the bottom of Parallel Universe at Rumney in the rain. If you've ever tried the route you already know on which hand the finger is, as well and the offending hold.  Luckily I was able to keep it under control for a good spring send, but now I'm looking out at beautiful climbing conditions getting myself ready for a hangboard session in my dark, wet basement.

There is good discussion of finger injuries on the web here and here.  I won't go deeply into how I treat my injuries, other than saying I try everything: contrast baths, cold water, heat pad, stretching, putty, etc.   The training described here is probably safe if you have a slight pulley injury, I can't speak for other injuries: collateral ligament, flexor tendon etc.

Okay, now down to business.  If you're going to train with an injury get used to the open handed grip.
photo: www.moonclimbing.com

My experience is that with a minor pulley injury one can pull as hard as you want as long as they don't close your hand more than the above picture.  This is difficult, but not impossible, if you are climbing outside.  The best tools, in order,  are the fingerboard, campus board, and a bouldering wall where special problems can be set.


1.  Fingerboard: Review the hangboard workouts on the workouts page of this blog.  Notice that only one set of each workout asks for a 1/2 crimp hang.  Either skip this hang or hang 3 finger open hand with the hand of the injured finger.

2.  Campus Board:  This is where I lose most people.  The campus board is thought to be a very dangerous training tool.  This is not deserved unless you campus with a full crimp.  With an injured pulley one can safely perform any campus workout if they stick to a 3 finger open hang grip.  This requires a fairly large degree of strength so its probably not best for everyone.  I have even experimented with two finger open handed campusing during an injury without aggravating my finger.

3.  Bouldering Wall:  This requires problems to be set so that the hold for the injured hand can be grabbed 3 finger open handed(see a trend?).  These problem can still be quite difficult, but care must be used to not close ones hand if the holds are poor.


Why is 3 finger open hand important?  This grip allows the fingers to be loaded while remaining nearly fully extended, thus there is very little load on the pulleys.  What about 4 finger open hand?  In order to engage your pinky the other fingers must bend.  This puts a nontrivial strain on the tendon pulleys.  The 4 finger open hand/ half crimp is very safe for training on non-injured fingers, but not so great for an injured finger.

One Arm Pull-ups

As usual the charts from when I do the following workouts can be found on the charts page of the blog.

This is the most controversial element of my training.  Does it help climbing, is it a waste of time?  Who knows.  I find it a fun distraction that has no danger of popping an A2 pulley.  Its taken me years to get a solid one arm pull up(OAP), but I never spend more than 15 minutes 2 or 3 days a week on them.  Also my methods have evolved to what seems to be a much more efficient system then I originally used.

Weighted Pull-ups


I've used weighted pull-ups in the past but now I don't do any pull-up(apart from front lever pull ups and muscle ups) with 2 arms.  These could be important for someone who doesn't have the necessary strength to perform a OAP without significant assistance.  Each of the following workouts could easily be scaled to use weighted 2 arm pull-ups instead of OAP's.


Tools


Unless you are incredibly strong you are going to need a system for assisted one arm pull-ups.  I use the following pulley system.


Here is Ben with the pulley system in action.

Obviously you need something to do the pull ups like a bar or a hangboard.

Pyramids


I got the basic idea for these from the beastmaker website, though doing pyramids for an exercise is not all that original.  This workout consists of 9 sets separated by a 2 minute rest.  The sets have the following structure:

  1. reps: 1, weight: base
  2. reps: 2, weight: base-5
  3. reps: 3, weight: base-10
  4. reps: 4, weight: base-15
  5. reps: 5, weight: base-20
  6. reps: 4, weight: base-15
  7. reps: 3, weight: base-10
  8. reps: 2, weight: base-5
  9. reps: 1, weight: base

 Now you need to decide your "base weight".  Originally I just picked the amount fairly randomly and let the amount of assistance drop as I got stronger.  Now I've noticed that I do the first and last set with ~7 pounds less resistance than my one rep max.  For example if your one rep max is a OAP with 3 additional pounds then -4 pounds is a good base weight.

Its worth noting that -10 pounds means 10 pounds in the pulley system but +3 pounds is a one armer with 3 pounds in the free hand.  I usually increase resistance(1 pound at a time) in this workout when I am able to finish the last set strong.

Pyramids Plus


This is a version of the above workout tailored to building the ability to perform multiple repetitions of one arm pull ups.  There are 5 sets separated by 3 minute rests with the following structure

  1. reps:2, weight: base
  2. reps:4, weight: base-10
  3. reps:6, weight: base-20
  4. reps:4, weight: base-10
  5. reps:2, weight: base-20 
The base weight used here is 3 pounds less than the weight used for the 2 rep set in the "pyramid" workout.  



Pull up on Holds


This is only mainly useful for climbers.  If you are not a climber I'll offer a suggestion for the 3rd workout.

I pick 5 different holds on my hangboard.  For the beastmaker 2000 I currently pick the mouth jug, the big edges, the middle edge, the big 2 finger pocket, and the 15 degree sloper.  For each hold I'll do 2 singles with as little assistance as possible, resting as much as needed between sets.

Maximum Singles


If your not a climber/do not have a hangboard a good workout to balance against the other two is as follows.  Perform 10 single OAP's where the assistance is as follows for each set

  1. one rep max -4
  2. one rep max-4
  3. one rep max-2
  4. one rep max-2
  5. one rep max
  6. one rep max
  7. one rep max-2
  8. one rep max-2
  9. one rep max-4
  10. one rep max-4
Training Week

I perform each of these workouts once a week.  This gives me a hard day(pyramids plus), a medium day(pyramids), and an easy day(pull ups on holds).  Every so often I test myself:



Scaling for the Fingerboard

Before I get started, if your interested check out the charts of my fingerboard workouts by clicking above.

The last post was about the fingerboard workouts I do at the moment.  These have developed over the last several years.  I believe the workout can be done by only scaling size of hold and weight added down to a level of about V6 or mid 5.12 climbing.  If you take out the front 2 and back 2 hangs and replace them with front 3 hangs I think it scales down to V4 and low end 5.12.  Any climbing level below that and the fingerboard probably is not the best use of climbing time.

Its also worth noting that each workout has a totally different perceived difficulty.  The repeaters are by far the most painful of the three.  Because of all of the rest built into the single hang workout it feels like your not doing much work at all.  The maximum repeaters fall somewhere in between.

I do one workout of each every week.  This gives me one hard, one medium, and one easy day of fingerboarding each week.  Of course this can be scaled to your need.  Another good choice would be a three week cycle.  On the first week 2 days of repeaters, in the second week 2 days of maximum repeaters, and in the third week 2 days of single hangs.  This could be worked up to a 6 week or 12 week cycle as needed.  During the climbing season one day of maximum repeaters are probably sufficient to maintain finger strength.

The fingerboard may be less important for others than it is for me.  Whenever I'm on climbing trips I get progressively weaker throughout the trip.  I think some of this is due to missing training, but this will be the subject of an upcoming post.

Hangboard Workouts

This blog was started mostly so I could document my training. I'll begin be explaining all of the things I do separately and finish with how they fit together into a "program". Its worth noting that I have no formal education in these matters, but I have spent a considerable amount of time reading training material for climbing and other sports in general. Also I've been involved in sports at a high level that have more systematic training than climbing: gymnastics and diving.

First of all which hangboard to I use. I started out with the Revolution "Hovah", then moved to a Moon Board, then I used a combination of the two plus a single small campus rung. Now and for the foreseeable future I'll be using the Beastmaker 2000.

When I do a a hangboard workout I use five main grips.
  1. Back 2: ring and pinky finger.
  2. Front 2: index and middle finger.
  3. Middle 2: middle and ring finger.
  4. Half Crimp
  5. Sloper
I have 3 different types of workouts I do with the hangboard. I'll describe each.

Repeaters:

This is the main workout described on the Beastmaker website. 1 set of repeaters consists of hanging for 7 seconds, resting for 3 seconds, and repeating 7 times. Between each set I rest 2 minutes. I order the grips as follows:
  1. Back 2 (7s+3s)x7, rest 2 minutes
  2. Front 2 (7s+3s)x7, rest 2 minutes
  3. Middle 2 (7s+3s)x7, rest 2 minutes
  4. Half Crimp (7s+3s)x7, rest 2 minutes
  5. Sloper (7s+3s)x7, rest 2 minutes
I'll do two rounds of repeaters per workout with some one arm pull-up work between(to be described later). If I make it through all 7 "reps" in a given grip during a workout I'll add 2 or 3 extra pounds the next workout. If I fail before the 5th rep I'll subtract weight next time. This is the hardest of all the fingerboard workouts I do.

Maximum Repeaters:

These are performed the same as repeaters except there are only 4 "reps" per set, and I rest 3 minutes between sets. This allows for more resistance in the form of more added weight, the use of a worse hold, or hanging with only one arm(with a pulley system for assistance). I order the grips like this(with notes how I increase resistance):

  1. Back 2 (7s+3s)x4(smaller hold), rest 3 minutes
  2. Front 2 (7s+3s)x4(smaller hold), rest 3 minutes
  3. Middle 2 (7s+3s)x4(more weight), rest 3 minutes
  4. Half Crimp (7s+3s)x4(one arm), rest 3 minutes
  5. Sloper (7s+3s)x4(one arm), rest 3 minutes
As above I'll do two rounds of these with some one arm pull ups between. If I make it through 4 "reps" in any grip I'll add 2 or 3 pounds next time. If I fail on the 1st or 2nd hang I subtract weight.

Single Hangs

These are well named. I do 3 single hangs in every grip type with as much rest between as needed. Here I use enough resistance to fail within 5 seconds. I order the grips as follows(with increased resistance):

  1. Middle 2 (small sloping pockets)
  2. Front 2 (with more weight)
  3. Back 2 (1 arm)
  4. Half Crimp(1 arm and smaller holds)
  5. Sloper(45 degree sloper: HARD)
Sometimes I add mono work to the single hang day. Currently only index finger monos, but in the past I've done middle and ring fingers too. If I perform any hang for 7 seconds I add more resistance to the next hang. I'll only do one round of this during the workout.

In upcoming posts I'll discuss my one arm pull up workouts , there are three of these that fit in with the three fingerboard workouts, campus board workouts, bouldering wall workouts, cross training, and how I train while climbing outside(bouldering and routes).